The ICRC is by no means alone in this effort. In 2015, the ICRC cut the word "emergency" from its annual appeal in recognition of the fact that its work is often a mix of both urgent and long-term programming. Prolonged humanitarian action in conflicts of various kinds means that the traditional binary paradigm of relief and development is giving way to policies adapted to address needs when people are struggling to survive in conflicts that last for decades. As of 2016, some 20 ICRC delegations were operating in protracted crises and around two thirds of the ICRC's budget was spent in protracted conflicts. Effective operations in protracted conflicts are an institutional priority for the ICRC. As a result, humanitarian agencies need to adapt their programming to respond both to urgent and long-term needs. Even where international law is not violated, the conduct of hostilities can cause severe humanitarian consequences due to the cumulative impact on infrastructure, basic services and livelihoods over time, as well as the widespread displacement these armed conflicts can cause.The needs of affected people are wide-ranging and extend over many years, sometimes even generations. Due to the prolonged nature of these conflicts, they may fuel a cycle of revenge, undermining respect for the law. This is not a new phenomenon, but some particular trends seen in today's protracted conflicts, such as emerging technologies, pervasive media coverage, and so on, are specific to our times.The lack of respect for international humanitarian law (IHL) is a major source of suffering in protracted conflict. ![]() Protracted armed conflicts are characterized by their longevity, intractability and mutability.
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